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.26 of the International Covenant, see p. 16
.Simpson v. Attorney General (1994) 1 HRNZ at 42-43
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.(Newsletter of the IBA Human Rights Institute), vol. 4, No. 2, 1999, p.l
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entre tradition et modernite (Paris, Presses Universitaires de France, 1993 (Publications de l'institut universitaire de hautes etudes
.internationales, Geneve)), P. xxv.
.Keba Mbaye, Les droits de I'homme enAfrique (Paris, Editions A. Pedone/Commission Internationale de Juristes, 1992), p. 161
Mutoy Mubiala, "Le Projet du Protocole a la Charte Africaine des Droits de l'Homme et des Peuples relatif aux Droits de SUtJj
.la Femme en Afrique", in Human Rights, Spring 2000 (OUNHCHR review), pp. 23-27
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ACHPR, Commission Nationale de Droits de I'Homme et des liberties v. Chad, No. 74/92, decision taken at the 18th ordinary session,
. October 1 995, para 2 1 : for the text see the following web site : http://www 1 .umn.edu/humanrts/ Africa/comcases/74 92.html
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ed
ACHPR, Constitutional Rights Project v. Nigerian, Communication No. 87/93, para. 13; for the text of the judgment, see e.g.
http://www 1 .umn.edu/humanrts/Africa/comcases/87-93html , See also ACHPR, International Pen, Constitutional Rights Project,
Interrigths on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiva Jr. and Civil Liberties Organization v. Nigeria, Communications Nos. 137/94, 139/94,
154/96 and 161/97, decision of 1 October 1998, para. 86; for the text see http://wwwl.umnedu/humanrts/Africa/comcases/137-
. 94 139-94 154-96 161-97html
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EC
Eur. Court HR, Case of Oberschlick v. Austria (1), judgment of '23 May 1991, Series A, No. 204, p. 13 , para. 16 and p. 15, para.
22. For similar cases, see also Eur. Court HR, Case ofCatilo Algar v. spam, judgment of 28 October 1998, Reports 1998-VIII, p.
.3124 ff. and Eur. Court HR, the Case ofdeHaan v. the Netherlands, judgment of 26 August 1997, Reports 1997 '-IV, p. 1379 ff
.Eur. Court HR, the Case of de Haan v. the Netherlands, judgment of 26 August 1997, Reports 1997-IV, p. 1393, para.54
ED
Eur. Court HR, the Case of Kingsley v. United Kingdom, judgment of 7 November 2000, para.5 1 ; for the text of the judgment,
. see http://www.echr.coe.int /
.Eur. Court HR, the Case of Bryan v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 22 November 1995, Series A, No. 335-A, p. 17,para. 45
ED
.Eur. Court HR, the Case of Kingsley v. United Kingdom, judgment of 7 November 2000, para. 59
.Eur. Court HR, the Case of Dektaras v. Lithuania, judgment of 10 October 2000, para.38
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■ http://www.echr.coe.int/
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Eur. Court HR, Case of Diennet v. France, </&%.</$& I EZUtfj+l^l^ BnjJi E2 AOga2Pn^f pi EZSTtlUu! .ny^ynedl^
judgment of 26 September 1995, Series A, No. 325-A (no violation); and the cases mentioned under the section dealing with
."Military and other special courts or tribunals"
eD
.Eur. Court HR, Case of Remli v. France, judgment of 30 March 1996, Reports 1996-11 ,p. 574, para. 48
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. Velasquez Rodriguez Case, Judgment of July 29, 1988, Series C, No. 4, pp. 146-147, paras. 154-155
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.Eur. Court HR, Case of Cakici v. Turkey, judgment of 8 July 1999, Reports-TV, p. 615, para. 104; emphasis added
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ftl LJ-fJEE- §D ICf2|^f \JceeE StifylD/Af LfiTkdZ 05ff% ' ^BpHtommunication Nos. 137/944, 139/94, 154/96 and 161/97
. http://wwwl.umn/edu/humanrts/Africa/comcases/137-94 139-94 154-96 161-97.html :QG$f yjAJ|l EZTLJfl^SfSHf
Eur. Court HR, Case of ' Allenet de Ribemont v. France, judgment of 10 February 1995, Series A, No. 308, p. 16 para.
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and Eur. Court HR, Case ofYagci and Sargin v. Turkey, judgment of 8 June 1995, Series A, No. 319-A, p. 20, para 58 (date of arrest);
.Eur. Court HR, Case of Mansur v. Turkey, judgment of 8 June 1995, Series A, No. 319-B, p. 51, para. 60 (committal for trial)
.See e.g. Eur. Court HR, Case ofYagci and Sargin v. Turkey, judgment of 8 June 1995, Series A, No. 319-A, p. 20, para 58
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Eur. Court HR., Case of Kemmache v. France, judgment of 27 November 1991, Series A, No. 218, p. 20, para. 50 (criminal); and Eur.
. Court HR, Martins Moreira Case v. Portugal, judgment of 26 October 1988, Series A, No. 143, p. 17, para. 45 (civil); emphasis added
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.Eur. Court HR, Case ofYagci and Sargin v. Turkey, judgment of 8 June 1995, Series A, No. 319-A, p. 21, para. 66
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.iiw^ Court HR, Case ofMansur v. Turkey, judgment of 8 June 1995, Series A, No. 319-B, p. 53, para. 68; emphasis added
.Eur. Court HR, Vernillo Case v. France, judgment of 20 February 1991, Series A, No. 198, para. 30 at p. 13
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/-A Court HR, Sudrez Rosero case v. Ecuador, judgment of November 1997, in OAS doc. OAS/Ser.L/V/III.39, doc. 5, 1997
.Annual Report I-A Court HR, p. 301, para. 83 read in conjunction with p. 292, para. 34. g and h
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.read in conjunction with p. 202, para. 141
ed
.Eur. Court HR, Case of Poitrimol v. France, judgment of 23 November 1993, Series A, No. 277-A, p. 15, para. 35
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Eur. Court HR, Case of Pelladoah v. the Netherlands, judgment of 22 September 1 994, Series A, No. 297 -B, para. 40 at p. 35 and
.Eur. Court HR, Case of van Geyseghem v. Belgium, judgment of 21 January 1999, Reports 1999-1, pp. 140-141, paras. 35-36
ee
.Eur. Court HR, Case of Pelladoah v. the Netherlands, judgment of 22 September 1994, Series A, No. 297 -B, p. 35, para. 41
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ACHPR, Civil Liberties Organisation and Others v. Nigeria, Communication No. 218/98, decision :y(Slpyo|p I E/EUIfj
adopted during the 29th Ordinary session 23 April - 7 May 2001, p. 3 of the decision as published at
, http://wwwl.umn.edU/humanrts/Africa/comcases/2 18-98. html
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.1-A Court HR, Castillo Petruzzi et al. judgment of May 30, 1999, Series C, No. 52, pp. 196-197, paras. 129-134
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f^tRfl3^ffC6tPf^^>l^&& e.g. ACHPR, Civil Liberties Organisation and Others v. Nigeria, Communication No. 218/98
:ypkg\ EZTLJel^llfLfla'+OsT !fiD2ri^fe- ymLgd-fiJ'UL^zffAT^t^
, http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/21 8-98.html
I-A Court HR, Castillo Petruzzi et al. case v. Peru, judgment of May 30, 1999, Series C, No. 52, p. 197, para. 131; emphasis
.added. 256Ibid., para. 132
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ACHPR, Krishna Achuthan and Amnesty International (on behalf of Aleke Banda and Orton and Vera Chirwa) v. Malawi,
\JceeDa*&l/fig(fL&rk- a^WAfL0rkUaTZTtp^!fl3^fd6l^fai^pQ:ommunications Nos. 64/92, 68/92 and 78/92
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ACHPR, Krishna Achuthan and Amnesty International (on behalf of Aleke Banda and Orton and Vera Chirwa) v. Malawi,
\JceeD2hd&l/PigtfLj£Tk- 2ttf$TfyAf T Lj£TkU2T2 7? ffifff 7 13^ 7 Cl5/ff : ^BpHtommunications Nos. 64/92, 68/92 and 78/92
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Of CBtfff ULCHPR, Media Rights Agenda and Others v. Nigeria, Communications Nos. 105/93, 128/94, 130/94 and 152/96 SC
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. http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/105-93 128-94 130-94 152-96.html
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ACHPR, International Pen and Others (on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jr. and Civil Liberties Organisation) v. Nigeria,
friffit lif Ltif CD I2|^f \JceeE 2hQffl)/Af L$Tkd£ CStffpSffiljiommunications Nos. 137/94, 139/94, 154/96 and 161/97
■ http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/137-94 139-94 154-96 161-97.html :yf&l|l EZATlCJZ
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Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (CPT) from 5 to 14 May 1991, p. 57,
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.63, pp. 194-195, para. 225
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.I-A Court HR, Velasquez Rodriguez Case, judgment of July 29, 1988, Series C, No. 4, p. 156, para. 177
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.Morales et al. Case (The "Street Children" Case), judgment of November 19, 1999, Series C, No. 63
.Eur. Court HR, Case ofCakici, judgment of 8 July 1999, Reports 1999-IV, p. 617, para. 1 12
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.Publishers), 1998, p. 721
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.OMTC/SOS Torture, 1993, 84 pp
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Eur. Court HR, V. v. the United Kingdom, judgment of 16 December 1999, Reports 1999- gf SBJ£)\J$\ $-J0$ !f U^J3-yr|Sd| C
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ACHPR World Organisation against Torture and Others v. Zaire, Communications Nos. 25/89, 47/90, 56/91, 100/93, decision
adopted during the 19th session, March 1996, para. 71 of the text as published at:
■ http://www.up.ac.za/chr/ahrdb/acomm decisions.html
I-A Court HR, The Case ofOlmedo Bustos et Al. v. Chile, judgment of 5 February 2001, Series C, No. 73. The version used in
.this context is the unedited text found on the Court's web site: www.corteidh.or.cr/seriecing/C , para. 45
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.Eur. Court HR, Case ofKalac v. Turkey, judgment of 1 July 1997, Reports 1997-IV, p. 1199 at p. 1209, para.27
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ACHPR, Media Rights Agenda (on behalf of Mr. N. Malaolu) v. Nigeria, No. 224/98, decision adopted during the 28th
session, 23 October - 6 November 2000, paras. 67-68 of the text as published at:
■ http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/224-98.html
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AHCPR, Constitutional Rights Project and Civil Liberties Organisation v. Nigeria, Communication No. 102/93, decision
adopted on31 October 1998, paras. 6, 7 and 57 of the text as published at the following web site:
■ http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/102-93.html
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ACHPR, Media Rights Agenda and Others v. Nigeria, Communications Nos. 105/93, 128/94, 130/94 and 152/96, decision
adopted on 31 October 1998, paras. 55-56 of the text of the decision as published at:
http://www 1 .umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/ The registration fee was N 100,000 and the deposit for any penalty or damages
.awarded against the newspaper etc. amounted to N250,000, para. 6
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Amnesty International and Others v. Sudan, Communications Nos. 48/90, 50/91, 52/91 and 89/93, decision adopted on unknown
.date, para. 77-80 of the text of the decision as published at the following web site: http://www 1 .umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/
John D. Ouko v. Kenya, Communication No. 232/99, decision adopted during the 28th Ordinary session, 23 October - 6 November
.2000, paras. 27-28 of the text of the decision as published at: http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/232-99.html
International Pen and Others (on behalf of Ken Saro-Wiwa Jr and Civil Liberties Organisation) v. Nigeria, Communications
Nos. 137/94, 139/94, 154/96 and 161/97, decision adopted on 31 October 1998, para. 110 of the text of the decision as published
.at the following web site: http://www 1 .umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/
cde
Huri-Laws (on behalf of Civil Liberties Organisation) v. Nigeria, Communication No. 225/98, decision adopted during the
28th Ordinary session, 23 October - 6 November 2000, para. 47 of the text of the decision as published at:
■ http://wwwl.umn.edu/humanrts/africa/comcases/225-98.html
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American Convention on Human Rights), Advisory Opinion OC-5/85 of November 13, 1985, Series A, No. 5, pp. 103-104, para.
.38; emphasis added
.I-A Court HR, The Case of Olmedo Bustos etAl. v. Chile, judgment of 5 February 2001, Series C, No. 73, paras. 71-73 2Ul|]
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. www.corteidh.or.cr/seriecing/A 7 INGhtml
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